B-Carotene
B-Carotene is a carotenoid that is a precursor of vitamin A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (porphyria, erythropoietic). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.) — Pubchem; Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. It is responsible for the orange colour of the carrot and many other fruits and vegetables. It contributes to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy it absorbs to chlorophyll. Chemically, carotene is a terpene. It is the dimer of retinol (vitamin A) and comes in two primary forms: alpha- and beta-carotene. gamma-, delta- and epsilon-carotene also exist. Carotene can be stored in the liver and converted to vitamin A as needed. Beta-carotene is an anti-oxidant and such can be usefli for curbing the excess of damaging free radicals in the body. However, the usefliness of beta-carotene as a dietary supplement (i.e. taken as a pill) is still subject to debate. Beta-carotene is fat-soluble, so a small amount of fat is needed to absorb it into the body. — Wikipedia.
Structure for HMDB00561 (B-Carotene)
C40H56
536.888
536.438201803
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene
β-carotene
7235-40-7
OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N
Not classified
Detected and Quantified
Solid
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0016-2794670000-c5bc2a4dbcd0f12cbf7fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0002-2687970000-782d048d873c21fc6b82View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-05ai-1009510000-585581456b10671692bdView in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – FAB-EBEB (JMS-HX/HX 110A, JEOL) , Positivesplash10-05mx-2920010000-471219f3e66bafb29beeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – , positivesplash10-0006-0144900000-2fa7b609c7300ff8aba3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, NegativeNot Available
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-05mx-9810010000-9a261fb8602890c2481eView in MoNA
[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
- Jeong NH, Song ES, Lee JM, Lee KB, Kim MK, Yun YM, Lee JK, Son SK, Lee JP, Kim JH, Hur SY, Kwon YI: Preoperative levels of plasma micronutrients are related to endometrial cancer risk. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(4):434-9. doi: 10.1080/00016340902767187. [PubMed:19235557 ]
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
FDB014613
C00000919
4444129
C02094
CPD1F-129
2264935
Betacarotene
HMDB00561
HMDB00561
5545
5280489
BCR
17579
Product: Emetine (dihydrochloride hydrate)
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- Heinrich U, Gartner C, Wiebusch M, Eichler O, Sies H, Tronnier H, Stahl W: Supplementation with beta-carotene or a similar amount of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema. J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):98-101. [PubMed:12514275 ]
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
- Specific function:
- Symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal. The reaction proceeds in three stages, epoxidation of the 15,15-double bond, hydration of the double bond leading to ring opening, and oxidative cleavage of the diol formed.
- Gene Name:
- BCMO1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9HAY6
- Molecular weight:
- 62636.69
Reactions
- General function:
- Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
- Specific function:
- Asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene at the 9,10 double bond resulting in the formation of beta-apo-10-carotenal and beta-ionone. Besides beta-carotene, lycopene is also oxidatively cleaved. The apocarotenals formed by this enzyme may be the precursors for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid or exert unknown physiological effects.
- Gene Name:
- BCO2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9BYV7
- Molecular weight:
- 61509.65