Sat. Jul 27th, 2024

F T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, two, or 17 cell lineages. Immunity 29, 138 49 20. Ma, C. S., Avery, D. T., Chan, A., Batten, M., Bustamante, J., BoissonDupuis, S., Arkwright, P. D., Kreins, A. Y., Averbuch, D., Engelhard, D., Magdorf, K., Kilic, S. S., Minegishi, Y., Nonoyama, S., French, M. A., Choo, S., Wise, J. M., Peake, J., Wong, M., Gray, P., Cook, M. C., Fulcher, D. A., Casanova, J. L., Deenick, E. K., and Tangye, S. G. (2012) Functional STAT3 deficiency compromises the generation of human T follicular helper cells. Blood 119, 39974008 21. Mathur, A. N., Chang, H. C., Zisoulis, D. G., Stritesky, G. L., Yu, Q., O’Malley, J. T., Kapur, R., Levy, D. E., Kansas, G. S., and Kaplan, M. H. (2007) Stat3 and Stat4 direct improvement of IL-17-secreting Th cells. J. Immunol. 178, 49014907 22. Bauquet, A. T., Jin, H., Paterson, A. M., Mitsdoerffer, M., Ho, I. C., Sharpe, A. H., and Kuchroo, V. K. (2009) The costimulatory molecule ICOS regulates the expression of c-Maf and IL-21 inside the improvement of follicular T helper cells and TH-17 cells. Nat. Immunol. ten, 16775 23. Ivanov, I. I., McKenzie, B. S., Zhou, L., Tadokoro, C. E., Lepelley, A., Lafaille, J. J., Cua, D. J., and Littman, D. R. (2006) The orphan nuclear receptor ROR t directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17 T helper cells. Cell 126, 1121133 24. Yu, D., Rao, S., Tsai, L. M., Lee, S. K., He, Y., Sutcliffe, E. L., Srivastava, M., Linterman, M., Zheng, L., Simpson, N., Ellyard, J. I., Parish, I. A., Ma, C. S., Li, Q. J., Parish, C. R., Mackay, C. R., and Vinuesa, C. G. (2009) The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment. Immunity 31, 457468 25. Br tle, A., Heink, S., Huber, M., Rosenpl ter, C., Stadelmann, C., Yu, P., Arpaia, E., Mak, T. W., Kamradt, T., and Lohoff, M. (2007) The improvement of inflammatory T(H)-17 cells demands interferon-regulatory factor four. Nat. Immunol. eight, 958 66 26. Durant, L., Watford, W. T., Ramos, H. L., Laurence, A., Vahedi, G., Wei, L., Takahashi, H., Sun, H. W., Kanno, Y., Powrie, F., and O’Shea, J. J. (2010) Diverse targets of the transcription issue STAT3 contribute to T cell pathogenicity and homeostasis. Immunity 32, 605615 27. Schraml, B. U., Hildner, K., Ise, W., Lee, W. L., Smith, W. A., Solomon, B., Sahota, G., Sim, J., Mukasa, R., Cemerski, S., Hatton, R. D., Stormo, G. D., Weaver, C. T., Russell, J. H., Murphy, T. L., and Murphy, K. M. (2009) The AP-1 transcription element Batf controls T(H)17 differentiation. Nature
Specific Microbial Attachment to Root Knot Nematodes in Suppressive SoilMohamed Adam,a,b Andreas Westphal,a Johannes Hallmann,a Holger HeueraJulius K n Institut ederal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Atg4 Purity & Documentation Germanya; Division of Zoology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptbUnderstanding the interactions of plant-parasitic nematodes with antagonistic soil microbes could deliver possibilities for novel crop protection Melatonin Receptor Gene ID methods. 3 arable soils were investigated for their suppressiveness against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. For all 3 soils, M. hapla created considerably fewer galls, egg masses, and eggs on tomato plants in unsterilized than in sterilized infested soil. Egg numbers have been decreased by as much as 93 . This suggested suppression by soil microbial communities. The soils drastically differed inside the composition of microbial communities and in.